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biointeractive 231K subscribers Subscribe 1.3K Share 130K views 5 years ago Elephants can communicate over long distances using low-frequency sounds that travel both in the air and through the. The Genetics of Tusklessness in Elephants | HHMI BioInteractive Video biointeractive 2 years ago The Day the Mesozoic Died: The Asteroid That Killed the Dinosaurs HHMI BioInteractive. Planarians can be used to investigate a variety of biological phenomena like animal behavior, mitosis, taxonomy, and more. Provide evidence-based reasoning that uses available data to support a scientific claim. Only Meat: 19/129 * (100%) = 14.73% b. Elephants with large tusks are targeted by poachers who sell the tusks on the ivory market. hb```lJB This interactive module explores the diversity of viruses based on structure, genome type, host range, transmission mechanism, replication cycles, and vaccine availability. This video follows Joyce Poole and other scientists working in Gorongosa National Park, Mozambique, who made the striking observation that many female elephants lack tusks. Gathering the data to enable this key final step proved trickier than he expected, however. The Genetics of Tusklessness in Elephants This video follows scientists working in Gorongosa National Park as they try to determine the genes responsible for tusk development in elephants. eaht``wC(#U]}I)C The immune system responds to pathogens in two main ways: innate and adaptive immune responses. AQ` n&
Most immune cells develop from stem cells in the bone marrow. Shane Campbell-Staton of Princeton University, co-lead author of the new paper, has spent his career studying the ways that humans force such evolutionary changes across the tree of life. After making these observations, Campbell-Staton decided it was time to use a whole-genome analysis to pinpoint the potential genetic factors. v0E H+1Q` d
One type of evidence they use is genetic data. Tusklessness, according to a new paper in Science, can be attributed in large part to a dominant mutation on the X chromosomea genetic change that also explains the sex skew Poole saw. Such a deep genetic understanding of complex evolutionary changes in large free-ranging animals would have been unobtainable just a few years ago.. This interactive module explores the biology of sex determination and development in humans, set against the backdrop of the different sex testing policies implemented throughout sports history. Using Pooles database, they further confirmed that, with a single exception, female elephants with two tusks had never been observed to have a tuskless baby. 6. Using Data to Investigate Elephant Evolution, The Genetics of Tusklessness in Elephants, Developing an Explanation for Tuskless Elephants, Using Genetic Evidence to Identify Ivory Poaching Hotspots. hb```f``z' B@QKm>%QXP^miq4YtnT50WS'.*^916SqKi"%df%IE400(wt@*06sx9 g! II. II. In this activity, students work with authentic research data to explore the impact of poaching on African elephants. In Gorongosa National Park, Poole found that among the older female elephants that survived a period of heavy poaching in the park, over 50% are tuskless. This has left a notable gap in the literature that the new paper helps to fill. These declines may be a part of Earths next mass extinction. Watch the . We know we have a lot of work to do to address racial inequities in science teaching. This interactive module explores how different animals elephants, birds, and bats have evolved distinct ways of using sound to communicate. Please see the Terms of Use for information on how this resource can be used. 7. Explain how characteristics associated with biological sex may affect athletic performance. hbbd```b``"wH&NQ
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The module also shows how mutations in genes that encode cell cycle regulators can lead to the development of cancer. Video Activity 7. Determine whether scientific results confirm or contradict a hypothesis. It engages students in analyzing data to make evidence-based claims about the occurrence of tusklessness in elephant populations. hbbd```b``"WHg -,^ This video case study explores whether elephants can detect, interpret, and respond to signals delivered by underground vibrations. But the proportion of tuskless elephants has increased in some populations. %%EOF
The same high-quality resources are now available with new features, including a logged-in experience. Posted on 11/01/2021 by 11/01/2021 by Explain how the selective pressures on a population may impact the frequencies of phenotypes. This interactive module explores the phases, checkpoints, and protein regulators of the cell cycle. Use evidence-based predictions to explain how a population changes over time due to human impacts. Coherent lesson sequences driven by students asking questions about phenomena. Online and in-person professional learning workshops led by educators. Instead of having sons and daughters at an equal proportion, tuskless mothers gave birth to daughters roughly two thirds of the time. Most of the elephants killed naturally did have tusks. In this video Dr. Joyce Poole explains a possible reason. Analyzing Data on Tuskless Elephants. Students will then analyze data to investigate the impact of human activity, namely poaching, on elephant populations. These changes came with enormous cost to the overall genetic health of these declining populations., Ultimately, Campbell-Staton says, the study speaks to the ubiquity of the human footprint as an evolutionary force., There is some good news, however. To prevent his AP Environmental Science students from having "problem fatigue," Florida educator Scott Sowell focuses on how environmental solutions are developed, justified, implemented, and evaluated. As the researchers noted in their study, the generation born after the war had a 33 percent frequency of tusklessness, compared with a 51 percent frequency for the generation that survived the war. Natural Selection Published October 2018 www.BioInteractive.org Page 3 of 6 Activity Student Handout Video Activity 7. Describe how biological sex and gender differ from each other. Thanks for reading Scientific American. Analyze quantitative data in order to make predictions based on evidence. Tuskless mothers, on the other hand, had about an equal proportion of daughters with or without tusks (or, in some cases, with a single tusk). Most African elephants have tusks, but someabout 2 to 6% of females and even fewer malesnever grow them. In population simulations, the researchers confirmed that it is extremely unlikely that tusklessness would have changed so drastically by chance alone. But the proportion of tuskless elephants has increased in some populations. Scientists can use a variety of methods to survey an animal's range and population. Please see the Terms of Use for information on how this resource can be used. Like other places that had undergone intense poaching, Gorongosas female elephants exhibited an abnormally high proportion of tusklessness. Gorongosas elephant population declined by about 90 percent, from more than 2,500 individuals in 1972 to fewer than 250 in 2000. It engages students in analyzing data to make evidence-based claims about the occurrence of tusklessness in elephant populations. Articles that connect current events to BioInteractive resources. Propose a claim supported by scientific evidence to answer a research question. This video follows the work of researchers conducting the first census. Key Concepts. The first six weeks of the 15-week laboratory portion were conducted in a synchronous virtual format, using BioInteractive materials to teach the basic skills necessary to start the ethogram project. This web tool provides a quick and easy way of visualizing and analyzing data without advanced technological requirements. There was a huge skew in the sex ratio, with very few adult males. Resume watching the video until In 1989, when elephant ethologist Joyce Poole began carrying out surveys of three East African elephant populations to understand the impact that heavy poaching was having on them, she quickly noted several stark trends. The Resource Google Folder link directs to a Google Drive folder of resource documents in the Google Docs format. The sex ratio of the offspring of tuskless mothers also indicated that the genetics responsible may be lethal for males. Elephant tusks are important for obtaining food and water, and essential to male elephants for competing for mates, so one might expect strong natural selection for having tusks. endstream
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By watching segments of this video, students will follow the analyses and discoveries of Joyce Poole, a scientist who has studied elephants for many years. Campbell-Staton and his co-first author, Brian Arnold of Princeton, were able to join forces with the other researchers to collect blood samples from 18 femalessome with tusks and some withoutthat would meet the genomic requirements for the project. Genetics Evolution Scientific Skills & Literacy Scientists at Work High School General High School AP/IB College View details . But he found himself sucked into the mystery of tuskless elephants when he watched a YouTube video about the phenomenon. Elephant tusks are important for obtaining food and water, and essential to male elephants for competing for mates, so there is a strong natural selection for having tusks. Its something I had puzzled over for so long, says Poole, co-founder and scientific director of ElephantVoices, a nonprofit science and conservation organization. Most African . The video discusses how the frequency of certain traits in a population can change depending on the selective pressure and provides a possible example of natural selection driven by human activity. View Tusk-less_Elephant_data_analysis_(Sep_17_2020_at_556_PM).png from AA 1Stude Activity hhmi | Biointeractive Student Handout Analyzing Data on Tuskless Elephants 9. 0
Poaching brings evolutionary pressure for tusklessness. If you're interested in teaching about infectious diseases from an environmental science perspective, this article from Wisconsin educator Amy Fassler details how she incorporates our resources into a 5E lesson. |U#62RF>^/,[4@[S5MT3M_q+; u* endstream
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3. a. Perri Carr describes how she uses BioInteractives elephant resources to teach concepts ranging from biotechnology to genetics to ecology and conservation. The accompanying worksheet guides students exploration. The Google Drive folder is set as View Only; to save a copy of a document in this folder to your Google Drive, open that document, then select File Make a copy. These documents can be copied, modified, and distributed online following the Terms of Use listed in the Details section below, including crediting BioInteractive. This activity guides the analysis of a published scientific figure from a study involving illegal elephant poaching. Ordered sequences of BioInteractive resources for teaching a course, unit, or lesson. PART 2: Video Activity . This interactive video explores how scientists identify which bat populations are infected with Nipah virus and could transmit the virus to humans. Most African elephants have tusks, but some about 2% to 6% of females and even fewer males never grow them. The story of African elephants is a powerful case study of how science can inform conservation. Students use scientific evidence and reasoning to construct an explanation of and develop an argument for tusklessness in elephant populations. Data Points are useful resources that use figures from the primary literature and guided sets of supporting questions. 0
2. More than 30 years later, she finally may have her answer. This activity guides students through learning and using key scientific terms, culminating in the creation of a customizable diagram. No rights are granted to use HHMIs or BioInteractives names or logos independent from this Resource or in any derivative works. For context, this course consisted of a three-credit lecture and a one-credit lab. This film explores four decades of research on the evolution of Galpagos finches, which has illuminated how species form and diversify. 255 0 obj
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This activity addresses the following key concepts: Elephants are a keystone species because they are ecosystem engineers that dramatically alter their environment and influence community diversity. Explore the methods scientists use to survey elephants. Selection for Tuskless Elephants. chromosome, differences in sex development (DSD), estrogen, Olympics, ovary, primary/secondary sex characteristic, sex determining region Y (SRY), testes, testosterone, X inactivation. If you're interested in using facilitated discussions to promote scientific literacy and empower students to make evidence-based decisions, this article from professor Holly Basta details how she restructured her course to promote student questioning and talk. adaptation, claim, evidence, frequency, phenotype, poaching, population, reasoning, selection, selective pressure, variation. video until time 1:46 and answer the following questions. Working in Gorongosa National Park, Mozambique, Dr. Joyce Poole and colleagues make a striking observation: many female elephants lack tusks. %PDF-1.6
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keyboard_arrow_up Show footer biointeractive 232K subscribers Subscribe 142K views 6 years ago How many African elephants are left and where are they? Fortunately, another research team was carrying out a collaring project to track matriarch elephants. Most African elephants have tusks, but some about 2% to 6% of females and even fewer males never grow them. pe*X|Xem&5*d
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Poachers, she knew, prioritized elephants with the largest tusks. Among the younger females, who were born after this period of heavy poaching, 33% are tuskless.For more short films and resources on elephants, visit http://www.hhmi.org/biointeractive/elephants This activity explores images of a coral bleaching event, which serve as phenomena for learning about marine ecosystems, human impacts, and climate change. Description. One of the genes, AMELX, is known from decades of basic research in mice and humans to play a role in mammalian tooth development. Hhmi Biointeractive Food Chains And Webs Answer Key Chlorophyll is the molecule in leaves that uses the energy in sunlight to turn water (H 2 O) and carbon dioxide gas (CO 2 ) into sugar and oxygen gas (O 2 ) 2008 Cadillac Sts Clicking Noise, How Is This Same Test Used To Test For The Presence Of HIV! In Gorongosa National Park, Poole found that among the older female elephants, who survived a period of heavy poaching in the park, over 50% are tuskless. Most African elephants have tusks, but some never grow them especially in places that have a history of poaching, like Gorongosa National Park. Why Do Some People with the Sickle Cell Genotype Not Have Symptoms? Math.N-Q.A.1, Math.N-Q.A.3, Math.S-IC.3; MP2, MP3, IB Environmental Systems and Societies (2017), Teaching an Online Introductory Biology Lab Using Evolution and Ecology Resources, Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International license, Why no tusks? Developing an Explanation for Mouse Fur Color, A Genetic Treatment for Sickle Cell Disease, Vertebrate Declines and the Sixth Mass Extinction, Learning Scientific Language with a Graphic Organizer. Poaching is artificially selecting for tuskless elephants who can better survive, mate, and pass on their genes to the next generation. This film describes natural selection and adaptation in populations of rock pocket mice living in the American Southwest. +A,2k]lJ^G@R`Y0~8!CNC!MM5V_.0mLt(P1Gh9
k1]8Ay0 Ik@ +Xndi) g[! Hhmi Biointeractive Answer Key. Let's Go! Suggest some ways to reduce the number of elephants that are illegally killed each year. This pattern suggested to the researchers a sex-linked genetic origin for what they were seeing. Scientific Explanation of Evolution by Natural Selection. Explain how the selective pressures on a population may impact the frequencies of phenotypes. %PDF-1.5
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2. This video presents an intriguing phenomenon: two patients who carry the same genetic variation, which is known to cause sickle cell disease, have very different outcomes. Most African elephants have tusks, but some never grow them especially in places that have a history of poaching, like Gorongosa National Park. Learning Objectives & Practices: ERT-2.A, ERT-2.H, EIN-4.C, SP5, SP6, ELA.RST.9-12.7, ELA.WHST.9-12.1 After creating an account, educators can save and organize their favorite BioInteractive resources and discover recommendations tailored to their interests. %%EOF
Women who are affected by the syndrome survive, but they typically have altered tooth morphology. All workshops are online, facilitated by Ambassadors, and include opportunities to interact with our resources and learn from other educators. Developing an Explanation for Tuskless Elephant www.BioInteractive.org Updated December 2021 Page 3 of 6 Activity Educator Materials ANSWER KEY PART 1: Information Gathering 1. Look up the definition of the term poaching and summarize your understanding of what it means in the space below. In this video, biologist Shane Campbell-Staton walks through the steps of collecting DNA samples from elephants in Gorongosa National Park and how he plans to analyze their DNA sequences.For more information and related materials, visit HHMI BioInteractive:https://www.biointeractive.org/classroom-resources/genetics-tusklessness-elephants Describe how mutations in a variety of genes can affect the development of internal and external sex characteristics. Watch the Selection for Tuskless Elephants video until time 1:46 and answer the following questions. The Click & Learn uses ongoing debates about the eligibility of certain female athletes to participate in women's events as an entry point for students to learn the processes involved in human reproductive development. Their current rate of decline is 8% per year, primarily due to illegal killing called poaching. It is important to track how many elephants are left and where they live to help protect them. Poole, who is a co-author on the new paper, combed through old natural history films and amateur videos to estimate the prevalence of tusklessness prior to the war. Teaching an Online Introductory Biology Lab Using Evolution and Ecology Resources, Why no tusks? Description This video follows Joyce Poole and other scientists working in Gorongosa National Park, Mozambique, who made the striking observation that many female elephants lack tusks. 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